基于ubuntu14.04 干净的系统一步步遇到的坑记录下来；
怀着平静学习的心情，问题总的能解决的！
1. 首先看了下当前python版本
python --versionPython 2.7.6
2. 安装pip
先更新源
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade
安装pip
sudo apt-get install python-pip
查看pip 版本
pip -V pip 1.5.4 from /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (python 2.7)
3. 尝试安装tensorflow，本以为安装就这么简单完成了：
tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ pip install tensorflowDownloading/unpacking tensorflow Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement tensorflowCleaning up...No distributions at all found for tensorflowStoring debug log for failure in /home/tyler/.pip/pip.log
现在开始报错了
(1). 首先怀疑的是pip版本太低，想先升级pip版本
tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ pip install pip -UDownloading/unpacking pip from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/f3/413bab4ff08e1fc4828dfc59996d721917df8e8583ea85385d51125dceff/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl#sha256=bd812612bbd8ba84159d9ddc0266b7fbce712fc9bc98c82dee5750546ec8ec64 Downloading pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB): 1.4MB downloadedInstalling collected packages: pip Found existing installation: pip 1.5.4 Not uninstalling pip at /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages, owned by OS Can't roll back pip; was not uninstalledCleaning up...Exception:Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main status = self.run(options, args) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 283, in run requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1436, in install requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 672, in install self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 902, in move_wheel_files pycompile=self.pycompile, File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 206, in move_wheel_files clobber(source, lib_dir, True) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 193, in clobber os.makedirs(destsubdir) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs mkdir(name, mode)OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip'Storing debug log for failure in /home/tyler/.pip/pip.log
没办法，只能换种方法升级pip，各种google,百度,找到下面这种方法升级成功
下载这个py脚本
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py --no-check-certificate
然后执行
sudo python get-pip.pytyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ sudo python get-pip.pyDEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7.The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.Collecting pip/tmp/tmp5OMysZ/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:354: SNIMissingWarning: An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Server Name Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings/tmp/tmp5OMysZ/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:150: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings/tmp/tmp5OMysZ/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:150: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/f3/413bab4ff08e1fc4828dfc59996d721917df8e8583ea85385d51125dceff/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 3.0MB/sInstalling collected packages: pip Found existing installation: pip 1.5.4 Uninstalling pip-1.5.4: Successfully uninstalled pip-1.5.4Successfully installed pip-19.0.3
这样就安装成功了pip新版本
tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ pip -Vpip 19.0.3 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip (python 2.7)
(2). 继续尝试安装tensorfolw,还是报错
sudo pip install tensorflowmarkdown 3.1 has requirement setuptools>=36, but you'll have setuptools 3.3 which is incompatible.Installing collected packages: numpy, six, enum34, futures, grpcio, h5py, keras-applications, markdown, werkzeug, protobuf, absl-py, tensorboard, termcolor, gast, funcsigs, pbr, mock, tensorflow-estimator, backports.weakref, astor, keras-preprocessing, tensorflow Found existing installation: six 1.5.2Cannot uninstall 'six'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.
然后发现我们本地还有python3 版本
tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ python3 -VPython 3.4.3
想着把python也用新版本
为了保险起见，我把之前用python2.7安装的pip卸载了
sudo apt-get remove python-pipReading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency tree Reading state information... DoneThe following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libdbusmenu-gtk4 libqpdf13 python-chardet-whl python-colorama python-colorama-whl python-distlib python-distlib-whl python-html5lib python-html5lib-whl python-pip-whl python-requests-whl python-setuptools-whl python-six-whl python-urllib3-whl python-wheelUse 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.The following packages will be REMOVED: python-pip0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 3 not upgraded.After this operation, 477 kB disk space will be freed.Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y(Reading database ... 220957 files and directories currently installed.)Removing python-pip (1.5.4-1ubuntu4) ...
不管三七二十一了，用python3继续安装
tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ sudo python3 get-pip.pyDEPRECATION: Python 3.4 support has been deprecated. pip 19.1 will be the last one supporting it. Please upgrade your Python as Python 3.4 won't be maintained after March 2019 (cf PEP 429).The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.Collecting pip Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/f3/413bab4ff08e1fc4828dfc59996d721917df8e8583ea85385d51125dceff/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 10.6MB/sCollecting setuptools Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d1/6a/4b2fcefd2ea0868810e92d519dacac1ddc64a2e53ba9e3422c3b62b378a6/setuptools-40.8.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (575kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 583kB 12.5MB/sCollecting wheel Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/96/ba/a4702cbb6a3a485239fbe9525443446203f00771af9ac000fa3ef2788201/wheel-0.33.1-py2.py3-none-any.whlInstalling collected packages: pip, setuptools, wheelSuccessfully installed pip-19.0.3 setuptools-40.8.0 wheel-0.33.1
也提示安装成功了
现在多了一个pip3，用pip3安装试试
sudo pip3 install tensorflowDEPRECATION: Python 3.4 support has been deprecated. pip 19.1 will be the last one supporting it. Please upgrade your Python as Python 3.4 won't be maintained after March 2019 (cf PEP 429).The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.Collecting tensorflow Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/37/f0/7b2fd5c7cddb3f7f11e7859850f543e19009761cdb965ed8bd98f66d60fd/tensorflow-1.13.1-cp34-cp34m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (93.2MB) 25% |████████▎ | 24.1MB 91kB/s eta 0:12:37Exception:Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 360, in _error_catcher yield File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 442, in read data = self._fp.read(amt) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py", line 62, in read data = self.__fp.read(amt) File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line 529, in read return super(HTTPResponse, self).read(amt) File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line 568, in readinto n = self.fp.readinto(b) File "/usr/lib/python3.4/socket.py", line 374, in readinto return self._sock.recv_into(b) File "/usr/lib/python3.4/ssl.py", line 769, in recv_into return self.read(nbytes, buffer) File "/usr/lib/python3.4/ssl.py", line 641, in read v = self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)socket.timeout: The read operation timed outDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 179, in main status = self.run(options, args) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 315, in run resolver.resolve(requirement_set) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/resolve.py", line 131, in resolve self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/resolve.py", line 294, in _resolve_one abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/resolve.py", line 242, in _get_abstract_dist_for self.require_hashes File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 334, in prepare_linked_requirement progress_bar=self.progress_bar File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 878, in unpack_url progress_bar=progress_bar File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 702, in unpack_http_url progress_bar) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 946, in _download_http_url _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 639, in _download_url hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py", line 62, in check_against_chunks for chunk in chunks: File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 607, in written_chunks for chunk in chunks: File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/utils/ui.py", line 159, in iter for x in it: File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 596, in resp_read decode_content=False): File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 494, in stream data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 459, in read raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining) File "/usr/lib/python3.4/contextlib.py", line 77, in __exit__ self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 365, in _error_catcher raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.
这个错误是网络不稳定导致的，再次执行结果还是报错：
tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ sudo pip3 install tensorflowInstalling collected packages: six, protobuf, astor, numpy, keras-preprocessing, termcolor, markdown, grpcio, absl-py, werkzeug, tensorboard, pbr, mock, tensorflow-estimator, h5py, keras-applications, gast, tensorflow Found existing installation: six 1.5.2Cannot uninstall 'six'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.
好像是six模块的问题，需要更新安装
然后执行：
sudo pip install six --upgrade --target="/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/"DEPRECATION: Python 3.4 support has been deprecated. pip 19.1 will be the last one supporting it. Please upgrade your Python as Python 3.4 won't be maintained after March 2019 (cf PEP 429).The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.Collecting six Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/73/fb/00a976f728d0d1fecfe898238ce23f502a721c0ac0ecfedb80e0d88c64e9/six-1.12.0-py2.py3-none-any.whlInstalling collected packages: sixSuccessfully installed six-1.12.0
成功更新了six
继续尝试安装tensorflow,果然没让我失望，还是报错
sudo pip3 install tensorflowFile "/tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 165, in build_sources self.build_extension_sources(ext) File "/tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 322, in build_extension_sources sources = self.generate_sources(sources, ext) File "/tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 375, in generate_sources source = func(extension, build_dir) File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 423, in generate_config_h moredefs, ignored = cocache.check_types(config_cmd, ext, build_dir) File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 47, in check_types out = check_types(*a, **kw) File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 281, in check_types "install {0}-dev|{0}-devel.".format(python)) SystemError: Cannot compile 'Python.h'. Perhaps you need to install python-dev|python-devel. ----------------------------------------Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-bie5c7mf/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/ 看着像是numpy模块问题，尝试更新numpy模块，然后又来一堆错误
tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ pip install numpy File "/tmp/pip-install-5x9wvjol/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 322, in build_extension_sources sources = self.generate_sources(sources, ext) File "/tmp/pip-install-5x9wvjol/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line 375, in generate_sources source = func(extension, build_dir) File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 423, in generate_config_h moredefs, ignored = cocache.check_types(config_cmd, ext, build_dir) File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 47, in check_types out = check_types(*a, **kw) File "numpy/core/setup.py", line 281, in check_types "install {0}-dev|{0}-devel.".format(python)) SystemError: Cannot compile 'Python.h'. Perhaps you need to install python-dev|python-devel. ----------------------------------------Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-5x9wvjol/numpy/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-571bsgcn/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-5x9wvjol/numpy/ 看提示可能是需要安装 python-dev
那就安装呗，sudo apt-get install python-dev
安装成功了python-dev
回来继续安装numpy
结果，还是和上次一样的报错
思考了下，我现在用的pip3，对应的python也是python3了，应该要安装 sudo apt-get install python3-dev 才对，
安装 python3-dev，
sudo apt-get install python3-dev
安装成功后，继续执行
tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ sudo pip3 install numpyDEPRECATION: Python 3.4 support has been deprecated. pip 19.1 will be the last one supporting it. Please upgrade your Python as Python 3.4 won't be maintained after March 2019 (cf PEP 429).The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.Collecting numpyInstalling collected packages: numpySuccessfully installed numpy-1.16.2
果然成功了
最后执行：
sudo pip3 install tensorflowCollecting mock>=2.0.0 (from tensorflow-estimator<1.14.0rc0,>=1.13.0->tensorflow) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/35/f187bdf23be87092bd0f1200d43d23076cee4d0dec109f195173fd3ebc79/mock-2.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 3.2MB/sCollecting pbr>=0.11 (from mock>=2.0.0->tensorflow-estimator<1.14.0rc0,>=1.13.0->tensorflow) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/14/09/12fe9a14237a6b7e0ba3a8d6fcf254bf4b10ec56a0185f73d651145e9222/pbr-5.1.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (107kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 112kB 2.6MB/sInstalling collected packages: keras-preprocessing, werkzeug, absl-py, protobuf, grpcio, markdown, tensorboard, termcolor, gast, h5py, keras-applications, pbr, mock, tensorflow-estimator, tensorflow Running setup.py install for absl-py ... done Running setup.py install for termcolor ... done Running setup.py install for gast ... doneSuccessfully installed absl-py-0.7.1 gast-0.2.2 grpcio-1.19.0 h5py-2.9.0 keras-applications-1.0.7 keras-preprocessing-1.0.9 markdown-3.0.1 mock-2.0.0 pbr-5.1.3 protobuf-3.7.0 tensorboard-1.13.1 tensorflow-1.13.1 tensorflow-estimator-1.13.0 termcolor-1.1.0 werkzeug-0.15.1
到此安装tensorflow成功。